Zimbabwe’s raw milk production hit a new milestone in 2024, reaching 114.7 million litres—a 14.9% increase from the previous year and surpassing the country’s long-standing peak of 100 million litres achieved nearly a decade ago.
This surge is a testament to the ongoing transformation of the dairy sector, driven by strategic investments and improved farming practices. Official data shows that the national target of 113 million litres for 2024 was exceeded, underscoring the effectiveness of the Government’s efforts and private sector involvement in revitalizing the industry.
The highest production year on record was in 2005, with 100 million litres, before a period of decline attributed to a variety of challenges. The land reform program that began in 2000, the shift to black farmers managing dairy farms previously held by white commercial farmers, droughts, and limited funding all contributed to the downturn in milk output.
In recent years, however, these challenges have been countered by increased investment in dairy farming infrastructure, the importation of high-quality heifers, and the adoption of modern dairy practices. These efforts have paid off, bringing Zimbabwe closer to self-sufficiency in raw milk production. The country’s annual milk demand is estimated at 120 million litres, meaning 2024’s production has made significant strides toward meeting domestic needs.
Data highlights a strong year for both processors and retail sales. Processor intake grew by 15.2% from 91.76 million litres in 2023 to 105.7 million litres in 2024. Retail sales saw an 11.6% rise, increasing from 8.06 million litres to 8.99 million litres. Notable growth was seen throughout the year, with January marking a 17% rise in production and February seeing a 26.6% increase. The peak month was August, when production reached 10.16 million litres.
Agronomist Pamela Macheka cited key factors driving the sector’s growth, such as better livestock feed, the importation of high-quality heifers, and ongoing training for farmers in modern dairy practices. These measures have particularly benefited smallholder farmers, who now contribute more to the industry’s output.
Experts agree that private sector investment has been crucial to the sector’s success. Investments in processing plants, cold storage facilities, and distribution networks have ensured better milk handling, reduced post-harvest losses, and improved overall productivity. Furthermore, collaboration between government agencies and private entities has expanded access to affordable feed and veterinary services for farmers.
Despite the impressive 14.9% growth, the dairy industry still faces ongoing challenges, including power and water shortages, which continue to disrupt production and processing. However, experts remain optimistic about the sector’s future.
With increasing domestic and regional demand for milk and dairy products, Zimbabwe is well-positioned to become a key player in Southern Africa’s dairy market. Continued investments in infrastructure, farmer education, and research are essential for sustaining this growth.
The Government’s support through initiatives such as the Command Livestock Programme, the Presidential Silage Programme, and the Livestock Recovery and Growth Plan have all contributed to the recovery.
However, hurdles like erratic power supply, rising feed costs, limited access to financing, and the smuggling of dairy products remain challenges to be addressed as Zimbabwe aims to increase its milk output to 150 million litres in the coming years.
